X
Lost password?

Don't have an account?
Gain Access Now

X

Receive free daily analysis

NFL
NBA
NHL
NASCAR
CFB
MLB
MMA
PGA
ESPORTS
BETTING

Already have an account? Log In

X

Forgot Password


POPULAR FANTASY TOOLS

Expert Advice
Articles & Tools
Import Your Leagues
Draft Rankings
Draft Simulator
Enter League Settings
Value Picks
Compare Any Players
News and Alerts

Fantasy Football Running Backs Best Ball Rankings (Pre-NFL Draft)

Bijan Robinson - Fantasy Football Rankings, NFL Rookies, Draft Sleepers

Fantasy football running back rankings analysis for April 2025 best ball drafts for RBs in the top three tiers. Phil breaks down the best values relative to ADP.

The offseason continues to unfold at a relentless pace. The player movement that surged at the onset of free agency is nearly complete, while the NFL Draft is rapid approaching.

The fantasy landscape is also evolving, which fuels constant changes to our rankings in every format. The team at RotoBaller is providing detailed analysis of these updated rankings to help you prepare for your drafts and assemble your rosters.

This article will focus on the latest updates for running backs in Tiers 1-3 of our best ball rankings. These rankings will be refreshed as new developments create rises and declines in the stock of players throughout the offseason, and you can find the latest fantasy football rankings here.

Editor's Note: Stay on top of your draft prep with RotoBaller’s fantasy football rankings, featuring expert analysis, ADPs, and draft insights for both PPR and non-PPR leagues.

 

Running Back Best Ball Rankings

Positional Rank Positional Tier  Player Name Overall Rank
1 1 Saquon Barkley  3
2 1 Bijan Robinson  4
3 1 Jahmyr Gibbs  6
4 2 De'Von Achane  10
5 2 Christian McCaffrey  14
6 2 Derrick Henry  16
7 2 Bucky Irving  17
8 2 Kyren Williams  18
9 2 Chase Brown  19
10 3 Josh Jacobs  20
11 3 Ashton Jeanty  22
12 3 Jonathan Taylor  23
13 3 Breece Hall  25
14 3 James Cook  26
15 4 Joe Mixon  30
16 4 Kenneth Walker III  41
17 4 Chuba Hubbard  42
18 4 Alvin Kamara  44
19 4 James Conner  47
20 5 David Montgomery  52
21 5 Isiah Pacheco  55
22 6 Tyrone Tracy Jr.  62
23 6 Aaron Jones  65
24 6 Tony Pollard  67
25 6 Brian Robinson Jr.  69
26 6 J.K. Dobbins  71
27 6 Jaylen Warren  72
28 7 D'Andre Swift  76
29 8 Najee Harris  93
30 8 Travis Etienne Jr.  94
31 8 Rhamondre Stevenson  95
32 8 Rico Dowdle  97
33 9 Zach Charbonnet  100
34 9 Nick Chubb  103
35 9 Tyjae Spears  107
36 9 Rachaad White  108
37 10 Tank Bigsby  112
38 10 Jerome Ford  123
39 10 Javonte Williams  125
40 10 Blake Corum  129
41 10 Austin Ekeler  131
42 10 Jordan Mason  134
43 11 Trey Benson  139
44 11 Omarion Hampton 140
45 11 Jaleel McLaughlin  141
46 11 Tyler Allgeier  142
47 11 Ray Davis  145
48 12 Roschon Johnson  153
49 12 Isaac Guerendo  156
50 12 Jaylen Wright  157
51 13 Braelon Allen  158
52 13 Audric Estime  160
53 13 Quinshon Judkins 170
54 13 TreVeyon Henderson 172
55 13 Kareem Hunt  173
56 13 Devin Singletary  174
57 13 Sincere McCormick  175
58 14 MarShawn Lloyd  178
59 14 Gus Edwards  186
60 14 Kimani Vidal  188
61 14 Antonio Gibson  193
62 14 Khalil Herbert  196
63 14 Kaleb Johnson 199
64 14 Cam Skattebo 200
65 15 Kendre Miller  203
66 15 Raheem Mostert  208
67 15 Zack Moss  209
68 15 Kyle Monangai 210
69 15 Justice Hill  214
70 15 Trevor Etienne 216
71 15 Alexander Mattison  218
72 15 Samaje Perine  220
73 16 Cam Akers  222
74 16 Kenneth Gainwell  227
75 16 Dylan Sampson 233
76 16 Ollie Gordon II 243
77 16 Ameer Abdullah  246
78 16 Jonathon Brooks  256
79 17 Dameon Pierce  261
80 17 Will Shipley  262
81 18 Emari Demercado  266
82 18 Sean Tucker  271
83 18 Miles Sanders  275
84 18 RJ Harvey 277
85 18 Donovan Edwards 278
86 18 Keaton Mitchell  279
87 18 Clyde Edwards-Helaire  287
88 18 Israel Abanikanda  289
89 18 D'Onta Foreman  291
90 18 Damien Martinez 292
91 18 Isaiah Davis  295
92 18 Elijah Mitchell  299
93 18 Trey Sermon  301
94 19 Dylan Laube  305
95 19 D'Ernest Johnson  307
96 19 Ty Chandler  308
97 19 Ty Johnson  309
98 19 Chris Rodriguez Jr.  310
99 19 Devin Neal 311
100 19 Tahj Brooks 318

Tier 1 Running Back Rankings

Saquon Barkley, Bijan Robinson, Jahmyr Gibbs

Saquon Barkley is currently the first back selected during the majority of drafts in the aftermath of his historic 2024 season. Barkley stockpiled 2,005 rushing yards (125.3 per game) and became the ninth player to rush for 2,000+.

Barkley also accumulated a league-high 345 attempts (21.6 per game) and accrued a league-best 835 explosive yards, according to Fantasy Points Data.

Barkley secured a two-year contract extension from the Eagles in March and remains cemented atop a depth chart that contains A.J. Dillon and Will Shipley. That will sustain his role as Philadelphia’s workhorse back and solidify his status as the first back to target during your drafts.

The convergence of Bijan Robinson's exceptional talent and his unwavering versatility has entrenched him within the elite tier of running backs. Robinson soared to third in points per game (20.1) during 2024, while finishing as an RB1 in 10 of his last 12 matchups.

He also rose to second in forced missed tackles (70), third in rushing yards (1,456/85.6 per game), and fourth in explosive runs (34) according to PFF.

Weeks 1-18 Attempts Att/Gm Yards Yards/Gm YAC
Saquon Barkley 345 21.6 2005 125.3 971
Derrick Henry 325 19.1 1921 113 1086
Bijan Robinson 304 17.9 1456 85.6 934
Jonathan Taylor 303 21.6 1431 102.2 717
Jahmyr Gibbs 250 14.7 1412 83.1 696
Josh Jacobs 301 17.7 1329 78.2 936
Kyren Williams 316 19.8 1299 81.2 854
Chuba Hubbard 250 16.7 1195 79.7 743

 

Weeks 1-18 Routes Targets  Rec Yards YAC
De'Von Achane 397 87 78 592 674
Breece Hall 379 76 57 483 509
Bijan Robinson 375 72 61 431 514
Kyren Williams 356 40 34 182 211
D'Andre Swift 351 52 42 386 419
Chase Brown 337 65 54 360 320
Chuba Hubbard 335 54 43 171 244
Aaron Jones 313 62 51 408 434

Robinson also finished third in routes run (375), third in receptions (61/3.6 per game), and fourth in targets (72/4.2 per game).

Robinson’s role as Atlanta’s primary back remains unquestioned, which provides your rationale for seizing him early in Round 1.

Jahmyr Gibbs's ongoing role in a rotation with David Montgomery did not prevent him from finishing among the league leaders as both a rusher and receiving weapon.

Gibbs generated a league-high 16 rushing touchdowns, while rising to third in explosive runs (41), and fifth in both rushing yards (1,412/83.1 per game), and forced missed tackles (63) according to PFF.

Gibbs also finished third in receiving yards (517/30.4 per game), sixth in receptions (51/3.1 per game), and soared to second in points per game (21.3). The Lions’ transition to John Morton as offensive coordinator will not preclude Gibbs from delivering high-end RB1 output.

 

Tier 2 Running Back Rankings

De'Von Achane, Christian McCaffrey, Derrick Henry, Bucky Irving, Kyren Williams, Chase Brown  

De'Von Achane's favorable blend of speed, explosiveness, and versatility propelled him to RB1 production for fantasy managers in 2024.

Achane led Miami’s backfield in snap share (61.4 percent), attempts (203/11.9 per game), and rushing yards (907/53.4 per game), while pacing his position in routes run (397), receptions (78/4.6 per game), and receiving yards (592/34.8 per game). He was also sixth in points per game (17.6), and 14th in missed tackles forced (35) according to Fantasy Points Data.

Raheem Mostert no longer lurks to siphon touches, and Achane is primed to excel as the Dolphins’ primary back. That makes him an enticing Round 1 option.

Christian McCaffrey was among the first three players to be selected during FFPC best ball drafts for six consecutive seasons. That includes the results from 2024, when he was the first overall selection.

His current ADP is located atop Round 2 (13/RB5) despite the disappointing season that unfolded during 2024. McCaffrey was restricted to 167 snaps/65 touches as he contended with protracted injuries (calf/Achilles/PCL).

McCaffrey will turn 29 in June. However, that should not impede Kyle Shanahan from entrusting McCaffrey with another extensive workload. Isaac Guerendo is positioned to function as McCaffrey’s backup, but the 49ers should add to their running back room during the NFL Draft.

Derrick Henry nearly led the NFL in attempts for the fifth time in his career during 2024 (325/19.1 per game) while eclipsing 300+ for the fourth time since 2019.  He also finished second in rushing yards (1,921/113 per game) and led all backs in rush yards over expected (562), according to Next Gen Stats.

He also paced his position in forced missed tackles (81) according to PFF, and tied for the league lead in touchdowns (16). Henry should remain unchallenged as Baltimore’s primary back, and can be targeted early in Round 2 of your drafts.

Tampa Bay did not select Bucky Irving until Round 4 of the 2024 NFL Draft. However, Irving operated as the Buccaneers’ most effective back, while leading all rookies in rushing yards (1,122/66 per game), attempts (207/12.2 per game), and touchdowns (eight).

Screw it.. Bucky Irving highlights with Free Bird by Lynyrd Skynyrd playing in the background pic.twitter.com/pRn73MuOdr

Irving also soared to fifth in explosive yards (400), according to Fantasy Points Data, and was ninth in forced missed tackles (57), according to PFF. Irving should remain Tampa Bay’s lead back as the Buccaneers transition from Liam Coen to Josh Grizzard at offensive coordinator. That leaves his ADP properly placed in Round 2 (19/RB9).

Kyren Williams is third among all backs in rushing yards (2,443/87.3 per game) and attempts (544/19.4 per game) since 2023. He was also fifth in both yards after contact (854) and touchdowns (14) last season.

2023-2024 Yards Yards/Gm Att Att/Gm TDs
Derrick Henry 3,088 90.8 605 17.8 28
Saquon Barkley 2.967 98.9 592 19.7 19
Kyren Williams  2,443 87.3 544 19.4 26
Bijan Robinson 2,432 71.5 518 15.2 18
Jahmyr Gibbs 2,357 73.7 432 13.5 26
Jonathan Taylor 2,172 90.5 472 19.7 18
James Conner 2,134 73.6 444 15.3 15
Josh Jacobs 2,134 71.1 534 17.8 21

However, Williams was also 29th in rush yards over expected (0.0) according to Next Gen Stats. Blake Corum’s involvement could increase during his second season, and Los Angeles could seize a back during the NFL draft. That should encourage you to avoid selecting Williams before his Round 3 ADP (26/RB12).

Chase Brown ascended into lead back duties for Cincinnati from Weeks 4-18 and was sixth in snap share (72.0 percent). Brown was also ninth in attempts (215/16.5 per game), 15th in rushing yards (866/68.2 per game), and sixth in points per game (18.3), and finished as an RB1 eight times. Brown also finished fourth in targets (59/4.5 per game) and receptions (49/3.8 per game).

However, there is a risk in targeting Brown at his Round 3 ADP (32/RB13) as the Bengals could make a significant addition to their depth chart during the NFL Draft.

 

Tier 3 Running Back Rankings

Josh Jacobs, Ashton JeantyJonathan Taylor, Breece HallJames Cook

Josh Jacobs was reinvigorated after signing a four-year contract with Green Bay, while flourishing as the Packers’ workhorse back. Jacobs vaulted to sixth in attempts (301/17.7 per game) and rushing yards (1,329/78.2 per game), while pacing all backs with 40 carries inside the 10-yard line.

Jacobs also finished fourth in forced missed tackles (67), and sixth in explosive runs (33) according to PFF, and was fifth in rush yards over expected (217) according to Next Gen Stats. Jacobs is primed to operate with another extensive workload and should be prioritized during Round 2 of your drafts.

A surging wave of anticipation has accompanied the impending arrival of Ashton Jeanty, who will enter the league with talent that is unmatched by other members of his rookie class.

Jeanty stockpiled 3,948 rushing yards (151.8 per game) and 43 touchdowns during his final two seasons at Boise State, while exploding for 2,601 yards (185.8 per game) and 29 touchdowns in 2024.

Jeanty also led all backs in carries of 15+ yards (36), missed tackles forced (152), and yards after contact (1,970), according to PFF. He will operate as a workhorse back in his eventual environment, while rewarding anyone who seizes him at his Round 2 ADP (14/RB6).

Jonathan Taylor secured the second-highest snap share among backs during 2024 (79.6 percent). He also eclipsed 1,400 rushing yards for the second time in his career (1,431/102.2 per game).

Taylor also accumulated 300+ carries for the second time since 2021 (303/21.6 per game), rose to fourth in explosive yards (510) according to Fantasy Points Data, and finished seventh in explosive runs (31), according to PFF.

Taylor remains entrenched atop an Indianapolis depth chart that does not contain formidable competition for touches. That provides his path toward RB1 production for fantasy managers.

Breece Hall was the first running back to be selected during the 2022 NFL Draft. However, he is only fourth among members of his rookie class in rushing yards (2,333/58.3 per game) and attempts (512/12.8 per game) since 2022.

Year Att/Gm Yards/Gm Yards/Att Targ/Gm Rec/Gm Yards/Gm
2022 11.4 66.1 5.8 4.4 2.7 31.1
2023 13.1 58.5 4.5 5.6 4.5 34.8
2024 13.1 54.8 4.2 4.8 3.6 30.2

Hall registered career lows in yards per game (54.8) and yards per attempt (4.2) last season. He did finish among the top four in routes (379), targets (76/4.8 per game), receptions (57/3.6 per game), and receiving yards (483/30.2 per game).

Braelon Allen and Isaiah Davis appear destined to siphon touches in New York’s backfield rotation, which should discourage you from targeting Hall until Round 3.

James Cook led Buffalo’s backfield with a 48 percent snap share during 2024, even though Ray Davis (24.3 percent) and Ty Johnson (28.2 percent) were also utilized in the Bills’ rotation.

Cook also tied for the league lead in touchdowns (16) and eclipsed 1,000 rushing yards for the second consecutive year. He also finished eighth in rush yards over expected per attempt (0.82) according to Next Gen Stats, and rose to 11th in points per game (16.7). Cook’s future with Buffalo beyond 2025 is uncertain as he enters the final year of his contract, but he remains capable of delivering RB1 output.

 



Download Our Free News & Alerts Mobile App

Like what you see? Download our updated fantasy football app for iPhone and Android with 24x7 player news, injury alerts, rankings, starts/sits & more. All free!

More Fantasy Football Analysis


Check out all of RotoBaller's fantasy football rankings. Staff rankings are updated regularly for all positions and include standard formats, PPR scoring, tiered rankings and dynasty leagues.




POPULAR FANTASY TOOLS

Expert Advice
Articles & Tools
Import Your Leagues
Draft Rankings
Draft Simulator
Enter League Settings
Value Picks
Compare Any Players
News and Alerts

REAL-TIME FANTASY NEWS

New York Jets

Jets Pushing Sauce Gardner to Strive for Perfection
Xavier Worthy

Chiefs to Open Up Offense in 2025
Tallison Teixeira

Suffers First-Round TKO
Derrick Lewis

Scores First-Round TKO
Michael Lorenzen

Royals Put Michael Lorenzen on Injured List With Oblique Strain
Stephen Thompson

Loses Controversial Split Decision
Stefon Diggs

Likely to Begin Camp Working on the Side
Gabriel Bonfim

Wins Controversial Split Decision
Calvin Kattar

Gets Outclassed At UFC Nashville
Xavier Legette

Should be More Productive
Steve Garcia

Extends His Win Streak
Cole Bishop

has Good Shot to Win a Starting Job
Nate Landwehr

Gets Knocked Out
Nate Wiggins

Ravens Think Nate Wiggins has Star Potential
Morgan Charrière

Morgan Charriere Scores Third-Round Knockout
Kel'el Ware

Collects 21 Points in Summer League Loss on Sunday
Austen Lane

Suffers Submission Loss
Vitor Petrino

Scores First-Round Submission In Heavyweight Debut
Cam Spencer

Contract Being Restructured
Drew Timme

Scores 30 Points in Summer League Loss to Wizards
Quinshon Judkins

More Details Emerge on Quinshon Judkins' Arrest
Tuco Tokkos

Earns His First UFC Win
Alexandre Sarr

Logs Impressive Outing in Summer League Action on Sunday
Junior Tafa

Unsuccessful in his Light-Heavyweight Debut
Kaden Elliss

Could be Atlanta's Most Impactful Pass-Rusher
Kyle Filipowski

Scores 21 Points in Summer League Loss to Warriors
Darius Robinson

Ready to Make his Mark in 2025?
Jauan Jennings

Expected to Report for Training Camp
Trey Smith

the Only Player Still on the Franchise Tag
Cody Williams

Collects 22 Points in Summer League Loss on Sunday
Chase Elliott

Charges to A Finish of Third At Sonoma
Chase Briscoe

Finishes Second With his First Career Road-Course Top-Five at Sonoma
Christopher Bell

Rollercoaster Day Ends With Top-5 Finish at Sonoma
William Byron

Maintains the Regular-Season Points Lead
Kyle Busch

Earns A Hard-Fought Top-10 Finish At Sonoma
Jauan Jennings

Seeking New Deal or Trade From 49ers
Alex Ovechkin

Not Thinking About Retirement
PIT

Penguins Acquire Arturs Silovs
NHL

Nikolai Kovalenko Returns to Russia
Yoshinobu Yamamoto

Tosses Gem Against Giants
Shota Imanaga

Shuts Down Yankees on Sunday
Nathan Eovaldi

Dominant Again in Seventh Win
Tyler Reddick

Evades Near Upset to Remain Alive in In-Season Challenge
Ty Gibbs

One of Three Tylers to Make In-Season Challenge Semifinals
Kyle Larson

Curiously Mediocre at Sonoma Before Late-Race Crash
NASCAR

John H. Nemechek Edges Out Teammate to Make In-Season Challenge Semifinal
Alex Bowman

Ty Dillon Bumps Alex Bowman to Advance to In-Season Challenge Semifinal
A.J. Dillon

Not a Lock for a Roster Spot?
Chicago White Sox

Billy Carlson Goes 10th Overall to White Sox
Cincinnati Reds

Steele Hall Selected Ninth by Cincinnati
Toronto Blue Jays

Blue Jays Select JoJo Parker with Eighth Overall Pick
Boston Celtics

Damian Lillard Drawing Interest from the Celtics
Miami Marlins

Marlins Select Aiva Arquette With Seventh Overall Pick
Pittsburgh Pirates

Pirates Select Seth Hernandez with Sixth Overall Pick
Kyle Stowers

Punishes Former Team with Three-Homer Game
St. Louis Cardinals

Cardinals Select Liam Doyle with Fifth Overall Pick
Daniel Gafford

Agrees to Contract Extension with Dallas
Colorado Rockies

Rockies Select Ethan Holliday Fourth Overall
Seattle Mariners

Kade Anderson Selected Third Overall by Seattle
Ha-Seong Kim

X-rays on Ha-Seong Kim's Foot Come Back Negative
Los Angeles Angels

Tyler Bremner Selected Second Overall by Angels in 2025 MLB Draft
Washington Nationals

Nationals Select Eli Willits First Overall
Jake Meyers

to Miss More Than Three Weeks With Calf Injury
Cooper Flagg

Shut Down for Rest of Summer League
LeBron James

Hasn't Requested a Trade
Quinshon Judkins

Following Quinshon Judkins Arrest, NFL Declines Comment
Travis Hunter

Earning Praise in Jaguars Camp for Work Ethic
Memphis Grizzlies

Cole Anthony, Grizzlies Agree to Contract Buyout
Edward Cabrera

Hopeful to Avoid Injured List
Oneil Cruz

Absent on Sunday
Lars Nootbaar

Placed on 10-Day Injured List
Jake Burger

Scratched on Sunday
Shane Van Gisbergen

Can Anyone Beat Shane van Gisbergen at Sonoma?
Tyler Reddick

Better at Sonoma Than Record Shows
Chase Elliott

a Prime DFS Option at Sonoma
Julius Chestnut

Kalel Mullings Competing for RB3 Role
Michael McDowell

Struggling a Bit at Sonoma
Kimani Vidal

Fighting for No. 3 Job
Cam Hart

Recovering From Shoulder Surgery
NASCAR

Christopher Bell Has Never Finished Better Than Ninth at Sonoma
Ryan Blaney

Has Top-10 Upside at Sonoma
Quentin Johnston

Might Not Get Many Chances to Prove Himself
Tre Harris

Officially a Holdout
NASCAR

Sunday at Sonoma Will Likely Be a Long Race for Bubba Wallace
Kyle Larson

Is A Likely Top-Five Contender for Sonoma
Ryan Preece

Points Position Could Affect Race at Sonoma
Todd Gilliland

Struggling to Find Speed at Sonoma
Ty Gibbs

May be an Underrated Favorite to Compete for the Win at Sonoma
Travis Etienne Jr.

Needs to Bounce Back in 2025
Alexandre Sarr

Plays Well in Summer League Loss to Phoenix
Yang Hansen

Looks Good on Friday Night
Erik Karlsson

Open to Move Away From Pittsburgh
Zach Hyman

Hopes to be Ready for Start of Next Season
SJ

Jeff Skinner Joins Sharks on One-Year Contract
Kon Knueppel

Struggles in Summer League Win
Walter Clayton Jr.

Plays Well on Friday Night
Cody Williams

Scores 21 Points in Summer League Loss
Kyle Filipowski

Leads the Way on Friday Night
Isaiah Jackson

Signs Three-Year Extension
Marvin Bagley III

Joining the Wizards
Herbert Jones

Signing Extension with Pelicans
Jacob Toppin

Returning to Hawks
Ryan Reaves

Traded to Sharks
Vladislav Kolyachonok

Moves to Dallas
Matt Dumba

Lands in Pittsburgh
Mackie Samoskevich

Re-Signs with Panthers on One-Year Deal
Josh Manson

Inks Two-Year Extension with Avalanche
EDM

Isaac Howard Signs Three-Year, Entry-Level Contract With Oilers
Tallison Teixeira

Set For His First UFC Main Event
Derrick Lewis

Set To Headline UFC Nashville
Gabriel Bonfim

Looks For His Third UFC Win
Stephen Thompson

Returns At UFC Nashville
Steve Garcia

Looks To Extend His Win Streak
Calvin Kattar

In Dire Need Of Victory
Morgan Charrière

Morgan Charriere A Favorite At UFC Nashville
Nate Landwehr

Aims To Bounce Back
MMA

Austen Lane Looks To Get Back In The Win Column
Gary Woodland

Looking to Find Rhythm at Scottish Open
Aaron Rai

Brings Consistent Play to Scottish Open
Maverick McNealy

a Solid Value Play at Scottish Open
Aldrich Potgieter

Making Scottish Open Debut
Tom Kim

Looks to Rebound at Scottish Open
Brian Harman

a Safe Option at Scottish Open
Luke Clanton

a Sneaky Value Play at Scottish Open
Sam Burns

Looking to Stay Hot at Scottish Open
Nicolai Hojgaard

May Feel More at Home in Europe
Harry Hall

Showing Fine Form Heading to Scotland
Ryan Fox

Playing Well Since Early Spring Struggles
Max Greyserman

has Solid History at the Genesis Scottish Open
Harris English

Aims High for Scotland Next
Corey Conners

Primed for the Genesis Scottish Open
Daniel Brown

Attempts the Scottish Swing Again
Jacob Bridgeman

Needs Putter to Work at Genesis Scottish Open
Scottie Scheffler

Headlines Field at Genesis Scottish Open
Rory McIlroy

a Smart Play for Scottish Open
Adam Scott

Looking to Build on History at The Renaissance Club
RANKINGS
C
1B
2B
3B
SS
OF
SP
RP

RANKINGS

QB
RB
WR
TE
K
DEF