X
Lost password?

Don't have an account?
Gain Access Now

X

Receive free daily analysis

NFL
NBA
NHL
NASCAR
CFB
MLB
MMA
PGA
ESPORTS
BETTING

Already have an account? Log In

X

Forgot Password


POPULAR FANTASY TOOLS

Expert Advice
Articles & Tools
Import Your Leagues
Daily Stats & Leaders
All Pitcher Matchups
Compare Any Players
Compare Any Players
Rookies & Call-Ups
24x7 News and Alerts

2019 Second Base - Early Fantasy Baseball Tiered Rankings

Ozzie Albies - Fantasy Baseball Rankings, MLB Injury News, DFS Lineup Picks

RotoBaller's early 2019 fantasy baseball rankings and tiers for second base. Our experts are ahead of the game with January mixed league rankings for 2B.

We continue our fantasy baseball tiered rankings analysis with the second base position. Even though we are just coming off ringing in the new year, RotoBaller writers Nick Mariano, JB Branson, Pierre Camus, and Chris Zolli have wasted to time coming up with our initial pre-draft rankings to give you a sense of player values as early as possible. As the offseason progresses, these rankings are sure to change quite a bit over the coming weeks. We'll be updating our rankings regularly, so be sure to keep checking in on our fantasy baseball rankings dashboard for the most updated lists.

Second base isn't usually a priority position in fantasy drafts and the disappointing season by former fantasy stud Jose Altuve hurts it further. The relative lack of names within the top-25 ranked players goes to show that you can probably wait for a solid starter. This is a good place to find speed, but you'll have to either sacrifice other categories with players like Peraza and Gordon or take a calculated risk with someone like Mondesi or Villar. Most of these players also qualify at other positions, so you can approach this list with a great deal of roster flexibility in mind on draft day.

In case you missed it, you can also read about our shortstop rankings to help round out your MI tiers. Without any more delay, let's take a peek at the 2019 second base rankings for January.

Be sure to check all of our fantasy baseball lineup tools and resources:

 

2019 Fantasy Baseball Rankings: Second Base (January)

Rank Tier Player Position Nick Pierre JB Chris
1 1 Jose Ramirez 2B/3B 3 4 3 3
2 2 Jose Altuve 2B 18 16 18 13
3 2 Javier Baez 2B/SS/3B 24 25 20 25
4 2 Matt Carpenter 1B/2B/3B 43 43 39 44
5 2 Ozzie Albies 2B 58 32 51 37
6 2 Whit Merrifield 2B/OF 38 55 36 67
7 3 Adalberto Mondesi 2B/SS 52 77 63 45
8 3 Gleyber Torres 2B/SS 87 90 71 42
9 4 Scooter Gennett 2B 78 124 69 95
10 4 Daniel Murphy 1B/2B 84 110 83 117
11 4 Jose Peraza 2B/SS 100 128 74 98
12 4 Dee Gordon 2B/OF 106 79 97 119
13 4 Brian Dozier 2B 117 100 103 83
14 4 Robinson Cano 1B/2B 103 126 99 91
15 4 Max Muncy 1B/2B/3B 123 96 109 113
16 4 Travis Shaw 1B/2B/3B 102 158 119 115
17 4 Rougned Odor 2B 114 165 115 127
18 4 Jonathan Villar 2B/SS 111 189 94 135
19 5 Yoan Moncada 2B 161 159 145 131
20 5 Cesar Hernandez 2B 142 173 121 189
21 5 Jonathan Schoop 2B 175 98 164 211
22 5 Jurickson Profar SS/3B/1B/2B 140 254 155 125
23 6 Yulieski Gurriel 1B/2B/3B 234 206 214 182
24 6 Lourdes Gurriel 2B/SS 212 226 246 176
25 6 Chris Taylor 2B/SS/OF 214 294 171 203
26 6 Joey Wendle 2B/3B/SS/OF 176 338 185 202
27 6 Garrett Hampson 2B 256 292 166 210
28 6 Jeff McNeil 2B 279 229 273 171
29 6 DJ LeMahieu 2B 205 293 196 333
30 6 Jed Lowrie 2B 268 334 193 263
31 7 Starlin Castro 2B 326 340 239 295
32 7 Marwin Gonzalez 1B/2B/SS/OF 364 348 303 215
33 7 Ian Kinsler 2B 305 343 277 354
34 7 Isiah Kiner-Falefa C/2B/3B 339 436 322 255
35 7 Ryan McMahon 1B/3B/2B 356 311 393 315
36 7 Jason Kipnis 2B/OF 290 395 329 377
37 7 Johan Camargo 2B/3B/SS 357 407 268 363
38 7 Eduardo Nunez 2B/3B 374 354 380 314
39 7 Luis Urias 2B 325 387 291 445
40 8 Steve Pearce 1B/2B/OF 353 443 385 319
41 8 Zack Cozart SS/2B/3B 388 372 376 385
42 8 Niko Goodrum 1B/2B/3B/SS/OF 391 460 473 277
43 8 Asdrubal Cabrera SS/2B/3B 456 456 341 357
44 8 Ben Zobrist 2B/OF 402 413 424 412
45 8 Josh Harrison 2B 422 402 409 418
46 8 Dustin Pedroia 2B 425 451 348 495
47 8 Keston Hiura 2B 455 392 427 452
48 8 Kolten Wong 2B 442 422 466 408
49 8 Joe Panik 2B 434 446 433 457
50 8 Devon Travis 2B 464 470 514 337
51 8 Kike Hernandez 2B/SS/OF 462 431 502 398
52 8 Alen Hanson 2B 572 394 #N/A 404
53 8 Logan Forsythe 2B/3B 436 403 483 511
54 8 Hernan Perez 2B/3B/OF/SS 566 399 487 383
55 8 Wilmer Flores 1B/3B/2B 504 425 481 513
56 8 Derek Dietrich 2B 529 457 446 508
57 8 Neil Walker 2B #N/A 488 #N/A #N/A
58 8 Chad Pinder SS/2B/OF 570 440 #N/A 460
59 8 Adam Frazier 2B 468 500 505 #N/A
60 8 Yangervis Solarte 2B/3B/SS 539 529 472 427
61 8 Yolmer Sanchez 2B/3B 476 509 504 #N/A
62 8 Wilmer Difo 2B 486 504 513 #N/A
63 8 Chris Owings 2B/3B/OF 431 552 510 516
64 8 Tyler Saladino 2B/SS 511 516 #N/A #N/A
65 8 Brock Holt 2B/3B/OF 496 #N/A 508 550
66 8 Jose Pirela OF/2B 577 558 #N/A #N/A
67 8 Charlie Culberson 2B/SS 576 #N/A #N/A #N/A
68 8 Brandon Lowe 2B 619 #N/A #N/A #N/A

 

Rankings Analysis - Top Tiers

Tier One

There isn't much to discuss as far as who ranks as the top second baseman in 2019. Jose Ramirez stands alone in the first tier as the only player at the position to rank inside our top 10 overall. At 26 years of age with five years of MLB experience, J-Ram is in his prime and ranks among the most consistent fantasy options available, regardless of position. His 225 R+RBI ranked third in the majors, behind only J.D. Martinez and Christian Yelich. There's a reason he finished third in the AL MVP voting and it's the same reason he is an easy top-five fantasy pick. The only surprise here is the absence of a certain diminutive two-bagger from Houston, who now sits in the second tier.

Tier Two

Jose Altuve wasn't just the top second baseman in all fantasy drafts last year, he was even taken as the top overall pick in some leagues. Yes, over Mike Trout. Maybe it was a World Series hangover or a case of fatigue. Maybe Altuve's best seasons are behind him and his wheels won't see as much mileage around the basepaths as they used to. Whatever the case, he dropped down to 17 steals - the first full season in which he ended with fewer than 30 SB. The .316 average was still sold, but not elite as we've come to expect, and his home runs dropped from 24 to 13. He's not at an advanced age (28) and is still playing in a stacked lineup, so maybe a shorter playoff run and some renewed motivation will result in a reboot of MVP-caliber Altuve. He doesn't need to be a first-round pick anymore, though.

Amidst multi-position eligible players like Baez, Carpenter, and Merrifield, the most interesting name that stands out is Ozzie Albies. I'm personally highest on Albies, so allow me to explain. Albies had a great rookie year but it was a tale of two halves: before the ASB he hit .281 with 20 HR and 55 RBI, whereas post-ASB he hit .226 with four HR and 16 RBI. It seems obvious that pitchers adjusted to him but he showed progress in his plate discipline in September, posting the best BB:K ratio of any month and his run-scoring was consistent throughout the year. I know he won't hit 30 homers but he doesn't need to. If he crosses the plate 100+ times again with anything close to 20 HR, 75 RBI and 15 SB (meaning no growth from his rookie year), he still ranks in the top five among second basemen in every counting stat category. Given the state of the position, where players like Brian Dozier and DJ Lemahieu are on the downslide, it's worth nabbing Albies early before filling other positions.

Tier Three

A pair of second-year players comprises the third tier. Both Gleyber Torres and Raul Mondesi Jr. (call him Adalberto) are intriguing yet unproven, which explains my slightly lower ranking. I would gladly take Mondesi in the first five rounds if I could be sure he would steal 50+ bases this season and bat .286 like he did in the second half of 2018. This is a young player that struggled mightily in his first two tastes of Major League action, though. His 4% career walk rate must improve if he's going to be a consistent threat at the top of the lineup. My concern is two-fold. First, that newly acquired Billy Hamilton manages to replace him at the top of the lineup and reduce Mondesi's chances to steal and/or score. Second, that Mondesi becomes a middle infield version of Billy Hamilton, providing speed but little else. He flashed power last year but, like with Albies, that could change if pitchers start to run it inside on him more often. More than anything, I'm not going to overpay for a small sample size toward the end of the season. Remember when we were projecting Jose Peraza for 50 steals and a .300 average in 2017? Fun times.

Gleyber Torres has great power at the position and plays in a potent lineup. I'm not convinced it's enough yet to distinguish him much further from players in the next tier like Scooter Gennett or Daniel Murphy, so I'd be tempted to wait rather than reach too early for a player simply because he wears pinstripes. He's a great talent in a great spot but his roto value doesn't make him superior enough to draft much higher.

 

Rankings Analysis - Middle Tiers

Tier Four

This tier is by far the most crowded, with a handful of speed demons headlining the group. Dee Gordon is a consistent source of steals and should get the benefit of not having to move around the field or learn a new position this season. He seems to enjoy better success in terms of average in odd years, so there's that too.

Jose Peraza is more of a fallback option, having stolen 23 bases each of the last two seasons despite seeing over 500 plate appearances. Perhaps he'll run more with B-Ham out of the way or maybe new skipper David Bell will be aggressive on the basepaths. It's still best to forecast Peraza for approximately 25 steals with an average around .280 as Steamer suggests.

Recency bias has propelled Jonathan Villar back into fantasy prominence, even into JB's top 100 overall players. He finished strong with 21 steals over the last two months in Baltimore, but this is still a player that hits .260, has never reached 20 HR and plays on what is sure to again be one of the worst teams in baseball. He won't kill you in any one category, but to suggest that he is a top-12 second baseman is giving him a major pass for his disappointing 2017 and first half of 2018 before he was discarded by Milwaukee. To be fair, NFBC data has Villar as the seventh-ranked second baseman, which seems borderline insane.

I'd love to see a Robby Cano renaissance but we definitely need to be realistic here. This is a 36-year-old coming off arthroscopic knee surgery who is moving to the National League and a ballpark that finished dead-last in Ballpark Factor for runs and 22nd in home runs last year. Cano has proven he can maintain a high average but I just don't see the homer total passing 20 and would rather take a chance on a Brian Dozier rebound instead.

Tier Five

Is this the year of the Yoan Moncada breakout? If so, someone in every fantasy league will get a major value since Moncada is going as the 14th-ranked 2B according to current ADP results. We have him ranked 19th, mainly because we know you don't have to swing for the fences with every pick in order to build a strong team. Moncada showed little progress throughout the season, finishing with a lower batting average in the second half (.231 vs .238), lower slugging percentage (.359 vs .427) and near-identical strikeout rate (32.6% vs 33.9%). He knows how to take a walk but even his OBP isn't helpful as long as his average remains so low. This is a sleeper pick that should be taken after your starter spots are filled.

Did I intentionally put Jonathan Schoop inside the top 100? Yup. While Villar gets a pass for playing in Baltimore, Schoop is being penalized for one bad year playing on a lousy team. He is in his prime at 27 years old and is on a one-year prove-it deal with Minnesota, who will back him up in the lineup with Nelson Cruz. Schoop has proven he can be an elite power option at the position, even hitting .293 in 2017. Schoop is more likely to be the value play you're looking for than Moncada.

Tier Six

Looking to backup your second baseman or fill your middle infield spot with oodles of upside? Consider youngsters Lourdes Gurriel, Garrett Hampson, or Jeff McNeil.

Gurriel struggled initially upon call-up but finished strong with a .310/7/19 triple-slash line in his final 31 games. At 25 years of age, with five full seasons of international play for the Cuban National Series under his belt, youth or inexperience are no concern here.

Hampson is a good-looking prospect who got a cup of coffee with the Rockies last year and fared well. He could be in line for extended playing time with Lemahieu out of the picture, but a rumored acquisition of Brian Dozier could squash that value.

McNeil could be in the starting lineup even after the team traded for Robinson Cano, as one of those players will likely shift to first base. If Peter Alonso wins the first base job, as some are projecting, then McNeil could become a super-utility player. That doesn't kill his value. In fact, as he adds positional eligibility, it might make him even more useful in deeper mixed leagues. In half a season, McNeil hit .329 and kept his strikeout rate under 10%. The power hasn't fully developed but there is a lot of potential that shouldn't be overlooked.

 

Rankings Analysis - Lower Tiers

Tiers Seven and Eight

This is where things get less exciting. Starlin Castro is one of the few players at this rank to hold down a regular starting gig. Playing for the hapless Marlins squashes much of his value, although he did hit .278 and score 76 runs last year. The upside is too limited to make him anything other than a streaming option throughout the season.

Ian Kinsler is the new second baseman in San Diego, but it may not be long before Luis Urias takes over. Kinsler still has some pop left in his bat and surprisingly stole 16 bases last year, his most since 2012. Andy Green does like to give his players the green light to run. Then again, Kinsler's average has sunken to .236 and .240 the last two seasons. Urias could actually win the job at shortstop this spring if he proves capable enough with the glove, so we might see both players on the field to start 2019. This offense isn't yet one you want to hang your hat on but neither will cost you more than a late-round pick anyway.

Johan Camargo doesn't have a starting job, at least not until Josh Donaldson gets hurt, so give or take a few weeks. OK, maybe it's not fair to label Donaldson as injury prone just because he's missed almost a full season's worth of games (159) over the last two years. He had played in at least 155 games every full season in the majors before 2017. Camargo doesn't need to be drafted as long as Donaldson is ready for the start of the season but he could be a smart handcuff for his owners.

It feels like Jason Kipnis has been around since the days of Jim Thome and Albert Belle, but he is in fact only 31 years of age. He's still got a starting gig in Cleveland, although this version of the Indians could be a stripped-down version if they part with their elite starting pitchers. If he hits near the top of the order, which is front-loaded with guys like Lindor, Ramirez, and Santana, he could be a decent source of R+RBI again in addition to 15-20 HR. The bottom of Cleveland's lineup gets scary, however, so if Kipnis is moved down in the order, his value drops with it.

Some names to keep in mind at the bottom portion of the second base rankings include Brewers prospect Keston Hiura, Giants utility man Alen Hanson, and the talented but perpetually-injured Devon Travis. These make for interesting late-round picks, as lack of opportunity is the only thing holding them back.

More Fantasy Baseball Rankings Analysis




POPULAR FANTASY TOOLS

Expert Advice
Articles & Tools
Import Your Leagues
Daily Stats & Leaders
All Pitcher Matchups
Compare Any Players
Compare Any Players
Rookies & Call-Ups
24x7 News and Alerts

REAL-TIME FANTASY NEWS

Terrance Ferguson

Could Benefit from Rams Scheme Changes
Jacob Cowing

Could Handle Gadget Role in San Francisco
Jayden Higgins

to Start for Texans Right Away?
Sauce Gardner

Agrees to $120.4 Million Contract Extension
Marvin Mims Jr.

Could be on Track for First 1,000-Yard Season
Jaylen Johnson

Chargers Place Jaylen Johnson on PUP List
Dereck Lively II

Undergoes Right-Foot Surgery Tuesday
Kendrick Bourne

Kayshon Boutte Fighting for Final Spots
Isaiah Collier

Logs a Double-Double in Summer League Action on Monday
DeMario Douglas

Kyle Williams "Locks" for Receiving Corps
Trey Smith

Chiefs, Trey Smith Finalizing Massive Extension
Anthony Richardson Sr.

Colts Expected to Ease Anthony Richardson Sr. Back in
Devin Carter

Posts 17 Points Versus Suns
Bronny James Jr.

Scores 17 Points in Summer League Loss
Terry McLaurin

Undecided on Whether he Will Report to Training Camp
Colston Loveland

Says his Shoulder is 100 Percent
Harrison Ingram

has Impressive Outing Against Jazz
Sam Williams

has Potential to be Elite Edge Rusher
Shemar Stewart

Considering Going Back to College?
Jahmyr Gibbs

Lions Want Jahmyr Gibbs "More Involved" in Passing Game
Jordan Addison

Could be Facing Three-Game Suspension
PGA

Chris Gotterup Punches Ticket to Royal Portrush With Win at Scottish Open
Bryson DeChambeau

Hopes to Reverse Links Golf Struggle at the 153rd Open
Keegan Bradley

Needs to Find The Weekend at Royal Portrush for Ryder Cup Hopes
Kyle Filipowski

Records 35-Point Double-Double Against Spurs
Kel'el Ware

Dominates Against Celtics
Kon Knueppel

Gets Going Monday
Matas Buzelis

Puts Up 28 Points in Win Over Pacers
Reed Sheppard

Shut Down for Rest of Summer League
Paul George

Undergoes Arthroscopic Knee Surgery
Oneil Cruz

Ties Home Run Derby Distance Record
Cal Raleigh

Wins 2025 Home Run Derby
Najee Harris

Likely to Miss Time at Start of Training Camp
Justin Thomas

Finishes Tied For 22nd at Genesis Scottish Open
Scottie Scheffler

Finishes Tied For Eighth at Genesis Scottish Open
Jon Rahm

Finishes in Second at LIV Andalucia
Collin Morikawa

Misses The Cut at Genesis Scottish Open
Hideki Matsuyama

Finishes Tied For 13th at Rocket Mortgage Classic
Brooks Koepka

Finishes Tied For 32nd at LIV Andalucia
Tommy Fleetwood

Finishes Tied For 34th at Genesis Scottish Open
Jason Day

Misses The Cut at John Deere Classic
Ludvig Aberg

Finishes Tied For Eighth at Genesis Scottish Open
Cam Taylor-Britt

has Benefited From Addition of Al Golden
Rome Odunze

Could Take Off in Year 2
RJ Harvey

to Get "Significant" Work in Broncos' Passing Game
Jackson Powers-Johnson

More Comfortable Heading into Year 2
Joel Embiid

Participating in Partial Basketball Activities
Victor Wembanyama

Officially Cleared to Return After Blood-Clot Recovery
Tallison Teixeira

Suffers First-Round TKO
Derrick Lewis

Scores First-Round TKO
Michael Lorenzen

Royals Put Michael Lorenzen on Injured List With Oblique Strain
Stephen Thompson

Loses Controversial Split Decision
Gabriel Bonfim

Wins Controversial Split Decision
Calvin Kattar

Gets Outclassed At UFC Nashville
Steve Garcia

Extends His Win Streak
Nate Landwehr

Gets Knocked Out
Morgan Charrière

Morgan Charriere Scores Third-Round Knockout
Kel'el Ware

Collects 21 Points in Summer League Loss on Sunday
Austen Lane

Suffers Submission Loss
Vitor Petrino

Scores First-Round Submission In Heavyweight Debut
Cam Spencer

Contract Being Restructured
Drew Timme

Scores 30 Points in Summer League Loss to Wizards
Tuco Tokkos

Earns His First UFC Win
Alexandre Sarr

Logs Impressive Outing in Summer League Action on Sunday
Junior Tafa

Unsuccessful in his Light-Heavyweight Debut
Kyle Filipowski

Scores 21 Points in Summer League Loss to Warriors
Cody Williams

Collects 22 Points in Summer League Loss on Sunday
Chase Elliott

Charges to A Finish of Third At Sonoma
Chase Briscoe

Finishes Second With his First Career Road-Course Top-Five at Sonoma
Christopher Bell

Rollercoaster Day Ends With Top-5 Finish at Sonoma
William Byron

Maintains the Regular-Season Points Lead
Kyle Busch

Earns A Hard-Fought Top-10 Finish At Sonoma
Alex Ovechkin

Not Thinking About Retirement
PIT

Penguins Acquire Arturs Silovs
NHL

Nikolai Kovalenko Returns to Russia
Yoshinobu Yamamoto

Tosses Gem Against Giants
Shota Imanaga

Shuts Down Yankees on Sunday
Nathan Eovaldi

Dominant Again in Seventh Win
Tyler Reddick

Evades Near Upset to Remain Alive in In-Season Challenge
Ty Gibbs

One of Three Tylers to Make In-Season Challenge Semifinals
Kyle Larson

Curiously Mediocre at Sonoma Before Late-Race Crash
NASCAR

John H. Nemechek Edges Out Teammate to Make In-Season Challenge Semifinal
Alex Bowman

Ty Dillon Bumps Alex Bowman to Advance to In-Season Challenge Semifinal
Chicago White Sox

Billy Carlson Goes 10th Overall to White Sox
Cincinnati Reds

Steele Hall Selected Ninth by Cincinnati
Toronto Blue Jays

Blue Jays Select JoJo Parker with Eighth Overall Pick
Boston Celtics

Damian Lillard Drawing Interest from the Celtics
Miami Marlins

Marlins Select Aiva Arquette With Seventh Overall Pick
Pittsburgh Pirates

Pirates Select Seth Hernandez with Sixth Overall Pick
Kyle Stowers

Punishes Former Team with Three-Homer Game
St. Louis Cardinals

Cardinals Select Liam Doyle with Fifth Overall Pick
Daniel Gafford

Agrees to Contract Extension with Dallas
Colorado Rockies

Rockies Select Ethan Holliday Fourth Overall
Seattle Mariners

Kade Anderson Selected Third Overall by Seattle
Ha-Seong Kim

X-rays on Ha-Seong Kim's Foot Come Back Negative
Los Angeles Angels

Tyler Bremner Selected Second Overall by Angels in 2025 MLB Draft
Washington Nationals

Nationals Select Eli Willits First Overall
Jake Meyers

to Miss More Than Three Weeks With Calf Injury
Edward Cabrera

Hopeful to Avoid Injured List
Oneil Cruz

Absent on Sunday
Shane Van Gisbergen

Can Anyone Beat Shane van Gisbergen at Sonoma?
Tyler Reddick

Better at Sonoma Than Record Shows
Chase Elliott

a Prime DFS Option at Sonoma
Michael McDowell

Struggling a Bit at Sonoma
NASCAR

Christopher Bell Has Never Finished Better Than Ninth at Sonoma
Ryan Blaney

Has Top-10 Upside at Sonoma
NASCAR

Sunday at Sonoma Will Likely Be a Long Race for Bubba Wallace
Kyle Larson

Is A Likely Top-Five Contender for Sonoma
Ryan Preece

Points Position Could Affect Race at Sonoma
Todd Gilliland

Struggling to Find Speed at Sonoma
Ty Gibbs

May be an Underrated Favorite to Compete for the Win at Sonoma
Erik Karlsson

Open to Move Away From Pittsburgh
Zach Hyman

Hopes to be Ready for Start of Next Season
SJ

Jeff Skinner Joins Sharks on One-Year Contract
Ryan Reaves

Traded to Sharks
Vladislav Kolyachonok

Moves to Dallas
Matt Dumba

Lands in Pittsburgh
Mackie Samoskevich

Re-Signs with Panthers on One-Year Deal
Josh Manson

Inks Two-Year Extension with Avalanche
EDM

Isaac Howard Signs Three-Year, Entry-Level Contract With Oilers
Tallison Teixeira

Set For His First UFC Main Event
Derrick Lewis

Set To Headline UFC Nashville
Gabriel Bonfim

Looks For His Third UFC Win
Stephen Thompson

Returns At UFC Nashville
Steve Garcia

Looks To Extend His Win Streak
Calvin Kattar

In Dire Need Of Victory
Morgan Charrière

Morgan Charriere A Favorite At UFC Nashville
Nate Landwehr

Aims To Bounce Back
MMA

Austen Lane Looks To Get Back In The Win Column
RANKINGS
C
1B
2B
3B
SS
OF
SP
RP

RANKINGS

QB
RB
WR
TE
K
DEF